Flushing the toilet at ambient pressure, causes particles, viruses, fungus and bacteria to be spread all around. If you flush with the lid closed, you will just make the inner part of the lid to be impregnated with all the material, hence you will get your hands dirty when you touch it. This is specially harmful in public bathrooms or restrooms.
Not only particles and living things fall to the ground, but also they keep floating suspended in the air. This is really bad, because they stick to things above the ground level, and also can be inhaled and transported by air circulation inside the building.
Demonstration links:
- Science Shows How Flushing a Public Toilet Blasts Particles Everywhere
- Shining a light on what comes up when you flush
- Mythbusters Toothbrush Fecal Matter
- Você nunca mais vai dar descarga sem tampa!
- Using black light to see how far a toilet sprays.
To fix this, use toilets that flush from behind with negative pressure (compared to earth's atmosphere), the vacuum toilets. You must not flush while you are sitting, since could get your bowels sucked out through the anus (this is a risk which can happen with any suction or drain, like a vacuum cleaner or pool drain). They are usually used in industrial environments, commercial applications and army/navy related transport, nobody has them at home:
- ACO - Vacuum toilets
- AcornVac Vacuum Toilet Demonstration: Will it Flush?
- 2013 Evac Vacuum Toilet
- Scanvogn - Jets Vacuum Toilet Technology
- Jets Vacuum Toilet System
- Vacuum Toilet Pump - Toilet system on ships
- Vacuum toilets Jets pt 2- Operation by Engine Cadet
- EVAC 910 vacuum toilet operation
- Toilet Animation of How Vacuum Plumbing Works by AcornVac
- Unknown Vacuum Toilet and Urinal
- 2018/06/08 10 Evac Vacuum toilet
- CRH1 vacuum toilet flush
- DB Bahn toilet: Vacuum Toilet on a train
There's another type called "Pressure Assist Toilet" or "Power Flush Toilet", but it's not the same. They can operate two ways:
- Pressurize the water that's going to the toilet bowl, similarly to having the water cistern / deposit at a very high height with a wide pipe: The pressure in water increases by 1bar for every 10m depth. They fake it by compressing air inside a cistern's vessel with the line's water pressure, so it's released when flushing, greatly increasing the flow rate to the bowl. Would be like throwing a big bucket full of water to the bowl at once. The water can overflow the bowl in some cases, if what's inside clogs the drain in a certain manner. Some toilets (regular ones or squat toilets), just discharge the whole water line pressure directly to the bowl, without any cistern in the middle. This has the advantage that you can be flushing continuously as long as you want, sthere's no need to wait for refill. The downside is that, if the line's pressure is low, may not be able to flush properly or the water may not cover all the desired parts of the bowl. If the water pressure is too high, or the nozzle has a weird shape, it can lead to water splashing which is not hygienic, so you must set aside before flushing.
- Suctioning temporarily the air that is trapped in the trapway (so they induce the siphon effect earlier without requiring the water to reach certain level in the bowl first). This can be combined or not with the 1st point. The downside is, that the air which is sucked, may not be sterile or even contain waste, so the system will get dirty in the inside and require a costly maintenance or unexpected behavior.
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